The geopolitical dynamics of Southeast Asia in the modern era are influenced by many factors, including economic developments, regional conflicts, and the influence of great powers. The region is strategically located on international trade routes, making it a global center of attention. One of the most important aspects is the relationship between ASEAN countries and major powers such as the United States and China. Southeast Asian economies continue to grow rapidly, with impressive Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in countries such as Vietnam and Indonesia. Foreign investment in the technology and manufacturing sectors shows the region’s great potential on a global scale. However, this growth also brings challenges, such as social inequality and environmental impacts that need to be managed carefully. One crucial issue is the South China Sea, which is an arena of competition between China and ASEAN countries. China claims almost the entire region, while countries such as the Philippines and Vietnam also have legitimate claims. These tensions often result in diplomatic conflicts and increase the need for cooperation in dealing with issues related to maritime security. Then, there are also the impacts of climate change which increasingly threaten Southeast Asia, including natural disasters. Countries in the region must work together to address these risks, both through adaptation and mitigation policies. ASEAN has sought to integrate environmental policies and sustainable development in its political agenda. The role of the United States in Southeast Asian geopolitics also cannot be ignored. Following China’s rise, the US has sought to strengthen ties with countries in the region, both through trade and defense alliances, to counter Chinese influence. Initiatives such as the Indo-Pacific Strategy aim to ensure stability and security in the region. Russia’s involvement in Southeast Asia is also starting to increase, by establishing cooperation in the fields of energy and defense. This adds geopolitical complexity, because ASEAN countries have to balance relations with these various big powers so as not to get caught up in power competition. Finally, domestic social and political movements also influence geopolitical dynamics. For example, protests in countries such as Myanmar show increasing demands for democracy and human rights. This requires attention from the international community and may affect bilateral relations between countries in the region. Through these dynamics, Southeast Asia shows potential as an important actor on the global geopolitical map, with the ability to shape a stable and sustainable future. Success in maintaining political and economic stability in the region depends on collaboration between ASEAN countries and support from global powers.